in-class lecture on chapter 12

southerners pushed west
- goal was to create a slave society west of the missippi
- “cotton is king”
- south grew 2/3rds of the worlds cotton
- slave oweners did not live in luxery, only used money to by more slaves

slavery
- most white southerners didnt have slaves
- explittative system grounded in fear an coersion
- started in tobacoo plandtation in carolina and the chesepeke
- role gov played in expansion of slavery: louisiana purchase, relocation of native
americans, and anexing texas and part of mexico

black belt
- fertile cotton land that stretched from georgia to mississippi

coastal and inland networks
- atlantic slavery started in the 18th century
- domestic slave trade started in 19th century
- massive trade mart in new orleans
- coastal very visible
- inland less visible but more extencive

slave discipline
- property rights key to slave discipline

slave marriage
- 80 % of slave marriages remained unbroken
- family sence was strong
- a third of all slave children under 14 were seperated from there parent

plantation elite
- 3000 families
- split in 2 groups, aristocrats in old south and eunterprenuers in south

aristrocrats
- lived on large estates
- made money of tobacco and rice
- as a result of asian competion, some owners sold their slaves and others worked them
harder
- the tobacco industry only used a few slaves
- owners included lawyers and merchents, not only planters

entrepeneurs
- got wealth from cotton trade
- cotton had a long growth season
- lived in normal and plain houses
- wive had little power and turned to religion

pater-familias
- head of family was the men who also controlled all the slaves

gang labor system
- began in the 1820’s
- whites supervised groups of slaves
- they were whipped
- this yeilded better profits for owners

middle class planters
- owned 40% of slaves and produced 30% of cotton
- most owners had 2 jobs

politics of democracy
- slave owners did not dominate the political life of the south
- republican society had a secret ballot which elected officials
- most of elected state officials came from middle class
- in alabama there was a 70% tax of slave property
- european immgrants didnt wan to settle in south because of competition with slaves
- in 1860, south was still an economic coloney of britian
- south provided raw materials and north processed and manufactured them

sec 2

evangelical black protistantism
- christians now
- saw themselves as enlightened jews

slave society and culture
- spoke guliah dialect
- most came from centeral africa and the congo
- did not marry between cousins
- great sense of community
- by 1850, many got profit gained rewards from the underground economy

guliah dialect

- english spoken with an african american accent

resistance
- laws enforced favored slave owners
- owners still afraid of rebellion
- ex of rebels were nat turner and martin/gabrial prosser

blacks in north
- heavaly descriminated against
- few owned property
- none could vote

benjamin benneker
- almanac to plan d.c.

joshua johnson
- painter